Combined injectable contraceptives (CICs) are a form of hormonal birth control for women. They consist of monthly injections of combined formulations containing an estrogen and a progestin to prevent pregnancy.
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a different injectable contraceptive, containing just a progestin, given every three months. It is a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive.
Hormonal contraception works primarily by preventing ovulation, but it may also thicken the cervical mucus inhibiting sperm penetration. Hormonal contraceptives also have effects on the endometrium, that theoretically could affect implantation,
Video Combined injectable birth control
Medical uses
CIC is administered by intramuscular injection into the deltoid, gluteus maximus, or anterior thigh. It is ideally administered every 28 to 30 days, though it has been demonstrated to be effective up to 33 days.
Available forms
CICs that have been marketed include the following:
- Dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg and estradiol enanthate 10 mg (Deladroxate, Perlutal, Topasel, Perlutan) - available in Latin America and Spain
- Hydroxyprogesterone caproate 250 mg and estradiol valerate 5 mg ("Chinese Injectable Number 1") - available in China
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate 25 mg and estradiol cypionate 5 mg (Cyclo-Provera, Cyclofem, Feminena, Lunelle, Novafem)
- Megestrol acetate 25 mg and estradiol 3.5 mg (Mego-E) - available in China
- Norethisterone enanthate 50 mg and estradiol valerate 5 mg (Mesigyna)
Maps Combined injectable birth control
Side effects
The most prominent side effects are menstrual irregularities during the first 3 to 6 months of use.
Pharmacology
CICs contain an estrogen and a progestin. The estrogen is generally an estradiol ester, which acts as a prodrug of estradiol. The progestin is a progestogen ester, which may or may not act as a prodrug. Steroid esters form a depot and have an extended duration of action when administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
History
- October 5, 2000, Pharmacia received FDA approval for Lunelle Monthly Contraceptive Injection.
- April 2003, Pharmacia acquired by Pfizer (makers of Depo-Provera (DMPA)).
- October 2003, Lunelle was discontinued in the U.S.
See also
- Concept Foundation
- Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
- Depo-Provera, a long-acting reversible contraceptive
- Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive
- Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition
- Estradiol-containing oral contraceptive
Footnotes
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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